| L1 cache reference |
0.5 ns |
|
|
|
| Branch mispredict |
5 ns |
|
|
|
| L2 cache reference |
7 ns |
|
|
14x L1 cache |
| Mutex lock/unlock |
25 ns |
|
|
|
| Main memory reference |
100 ns |
|
|
20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache |
| Compress 1K bytes with Zippy |
3,000 ns |
3 µs |
|
|
| Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network |
10,000 ns |
10 µs |
|
|
| Read 4K randomly from SSD* |
150,000 ns |
150 µs |
|
~1GB/sec SSD |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from memory |
250,000 ns |
250 µs |
|
|
| Round trip within same datacenter |
500,000 ns |
500 µs |
|
|
| Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD* |
1,000,000 ns |
1,000 µs |
1 ms |
~1GB/sec SSD, 4X memory |
| Disk seek |
10,000,000 ns |
10,000 µs |
10 ms |
20x datacenter roundtrip |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from disk |
20,000,000 ns |
20,000 µs |
20 ms |
80x memory, 20X SSD |
| Send packet CA -> Netherlands -> CA |
150,000,000 ns |
150,000 µs |
150 ms |
|
| 1 ns = 10^-9 seconds |
|
|
|
|
| 1 us = 10^-6 seconds = 1,000 ns |
|
|
|
|
| 1 ms = 10^-3 seconds = 1,000 us = 1,000,000 ns |
|
|
|
|